THEORY OF RELATIVITY - DECEPTIVE APPROACHES - THIRD DELIVERY

(Intellectual Property Registry: B-221-21)

We continue with the topic: 2.4.- THE FALLACY OF THE DEFORMATION OF SPACE

WHAT INFORMATION DOES NEWTON'S LAW PROVIDE US?

The aforementioned Newton's law informs us of the way of valuing and the way of acting of the Masses that intervene with respect to the Force of Attraction (Fa) that appears between them. Newton informs us that a force field appears between the Masses, but he does not inform us of why it is generated. This is where the "mental fantasies" appear to try to explain what is unknown.

However, this law gives us arguments to refute the fantasy of the deformation of space.

 

ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS INTERVENING IN THE PHENOMENON

To try that in our investigation we do not go against common sense, we suggest using an analysis carrying out the following three steps:

1.- A Physical Phenomenon is produced between two known AUTHORS who intervene in the phenomenon. We call them Masses: (M1) and (M2)

2.- We define a platform outside the variables of the phenomenon. We identify it as: SPACE.

3.- There must be a LINK between the two authors, the Masses, which makes them interact with each other. This NEXO is the variable that we do not know and that we have our doubts to identify it.

Maybe it's the Neutrinos moving around

 sidereal space and crossing all the masses establish the nexus between two Masses?... We leave to the consideration, analysis, criticism and investigation of the experts in Atomic Physics.

 

WHAT HAS THE PREVIOUS ANALYSIS USED US FOR?

These three points help us define the following:

We separate the "actors" that intervene in the physical phenomenon, from the support or platform in which it is carried out.

Using the metaphor we will say that:

The stage in which the function takes place is SPACE. The actors are the MASSES. Their dialogue between them is their LINK.

 

WHAT WRONG CONCLUSION CAN WE DRAW FROM THE OBSERVATION OF FIGURE 1?

We have explained that the presence of the Earth deforms the Space that makes another Mass approach and "fall" on it

We ask ourselves: Can we “Materialize” Space and make BODIES navigate with it?

How should we interpret the case in which, for example, a Mass is so far from the Earth that the Force of Gravity does not act? Should we interpret that in this case the Space has been "unfolding" or "flattening"?...

We think of the well-known idea that says: “Space is what remains of an empty room when its walls collapse”. We should not give him material attributes

 

TWO THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS THAT INVALIDATE THE IDEA OF SPACE WARPING AS A CAUSE OF GRAVITY

We have designed two mental experiments in order to invalidate the idea that Space intervenes as a variable to consider in the generation of Gravitational Forces. We will identify these approaches as:

1.- Mental experiment without the intervention of Space.

2.- Experiment with equal Spaces between the acting Masses

We proceed to describe these thought experiments

 

1.- MENTAL EXPERIMENT WITHOUT THE INTERVENTION OF SPACE

Let us remember that we separate as two different entities, the Space and the Masses that occupy this Space.

If in the approach of the appearance of attractive forces (Fa) between two Masses, we omit the intervention of SPACE, we wonder if these forces will really appear.

If with the aforementioned omission we can observe that those forces continue to exist, this will allow us to affirm that the concept of SPACE and its DEFORMATION are not causative agents of the physical phenomenon that we are dealing with.

APPROACH TO THOUGHT EXPERIMENT No. 1

Suppose two MASSES located in outer space, touching each other, or very close to each other, in which we can appreciate that there is practically NO “Space” between them. Can we say for this that there is no force of attraction between them? them because there is no “Space”?

REPRESENTATION OF THE EXPERIMENT

Without worrying about the scale of the values ​​of its dimensions, we have drawn a large Mass that can correspond to the globe (MT) and, practically on top of it, another small mass, which could be, for example, a stone (mp) Reality confirms that we cannot say that since there is no "space" between them that can be deformed, there is no gravity                             

                                  

A POSSIBLE DOUBT: Doubt may arise when asking ourselves if, since there is no Space, how do the MASSES interact? In a previous paragraph, when talking about the possible existence of subatomic particles, we have commented that it seems that what produces this nexus is present both in Space (support of the Physical Phenomenon that we are considering) and inside the acting Masses themselves. . We repeat what we have already said: perhaps the exchange of the subatomic particles corresponding to each of the two Masses is involved here? We leave this investigation for the experts on these topics.

2.- MENTAL EXPERIMENT WITH EQUAL SPACES BETWEEN THE ACTING MASSES

 EXPERIMENT APPROACH

In this thought experiment we consider two masses of different sizes (m1) and (m2) that are at the same distance (d) from a third Mass that attracts them. That is, we will assume

(d1) = (d2) The figure tries to represent this situation. We will suppose, for example, that the big ball is the Earth. We have represented its Mass by (MT).

 

                      

AN OBSERVATION

Do not confuse concepts:

It is interesting that we take into account that the ACCELERATION with which both Masses are subjected is the same, but they are subjected to different Forces of Attraction (Fa). We must consider that what we are investigating is the concept "FORCE" and not the concept "ACCELERATION". We investigate the cause. Not the effects. For this reason it is interesting to take into account this conclusion and that it could divert us from our objective

 

DIFFERENT FORCES OF ATTRACTION.

If we take as an example two very different masses, such as: a stone with a mass equal to: (mp) = 1Kgm. and a battle tank with a mass equal to (mc) = 62.5 x 103 Kgs. that fall from the same height towards the surface of the Earth, we will obtain that the Forces of Attraction to which they have been subjected are respectively equal to:

                      (Fc) = 61,464x 104 Kgs

                     (Fp) = 9,834 kg.

The conclusion is that two masses (m1) and (m2) at the same distance from the attracting mass (MT) are subjected to different Forces of Attraction (Fa). So we have to deduce that the notion of the intervention of SPACE in the referred Force of Attraction "has vanished". We are left with the idea that the main ACTORS are the MASSES. NOT THE SPACE.

(NOTE: In the book by the same author of this essay, entitled: "Theory of Relativity. -A false theory" the data and the calculation process are given to reach the referred results)

ACQUIRED ACCELERATION IS THE SAME

We can verify that the two mentioned different forces generate equal accelerations. If we divide each Force obtained by its corresponding Mass, identical values ​​will be obtained. That is to say:

                    (Ac) = (61.464 x 104 )/62.5x103 = 9.834 m/sec²   

                    (Ap) = 9,834/1 = 9,834 meters/sec²   

These results serve to remind us of what we said before: “Do not confuse concepts”

A PROBABLE DOUBT?

Perhaps in this confusion that the well-known Physicist subjects us to, with the idea that space bends, we wonder if we should consider the interior of the two spheres as a "space". absurd idea. We must be clear about the distinction between: SPACE and BODIES. The attracting Mass must be considered as a whole. As a BODY whose center of gravity is precisely in the center of this BODY

A FINAL DOUBT

We summarize our last doubt in the question: can we associate the Gravitational Matter that Einstein speaks of with Dark Matter?

(END OF DELIVERIES) 

THEORY OF RELATIVITY - DECEPTIVE APPROACHES - SECOND DELIVERY

 (Intellectual Property Registry: B-221-21)

 

2.2.- GENESIS OF NONSENSE.- INERTIAL MASS AND GRAVITATIONAL MASS.

 In A. Einstein's book entitled: “On the special and general theory of relativity, paragraph 19 talks about the Gravitational Field and, on page 60, it says the following:

"... then the following theorem is valid: the gravitational mass and the inertial mass of a body are equal."

He reaches this conclusion after making a question of doubtful validity. `He proposes an axiom of doubtful acceptance. But, the most outstanding thing is that he commits a fallacy that we consider to be the GENESIS OF FOOL . Instead of saying “they are the same” he should have said “it is the same”. In this way we would identify it as unique. Not as a concept with the possibility of using two different versions.

The expressions INERTIAL MASS and GRAVITATORY MASS DO NOT represent two types of mass. It should not be interpreted that way. It is the same concept or entity subjected to two different types of force. But, what is more, even if he said that they are the same, this does not authorize him, as we will see later, to say that two different types of force on a mass manifest the same effect.

We must apply this idea in the realization of physical phenomena in which we make the mass intervene. It is clear that it is not the mass that is "transformed" but rather the forces acting on it that make us contemplate or examine different physical phenomena.

                

in the figure two types of force are distinguished: Contact Forces and Attraction Forces. The Contact Forces can be divided into: traction and thrust.

The bodies, stone block and apple falling from the tree, as regards the physical nature of their mass, are identical. We can point out that, we know that there is a constant value (G) of universal gravitation. This is what refers to an inherent characteristic of dough. Another aspect is to consider what kind of forces act.

This classification will be useful to take into account in the “elevator thought experiment” that we will discuss later.

 

A DOUBT

After considering the definitions of Inertial Mass and Gravitational Mass, and not being experts in cosmology, we wonder: could we not establish an implication of Dark Matter, with this that the physicist intended to classify it as Gravitational Matter ... Perhaps in this Force the Normal Matter and Dark Matter ... Perhaps our doubts are another nonsense ..

 

2.3.- MENTAL EXPERIMENT OF THE ELEVATOR.- THE FALLACY OF THE PRINCIPLE OF EQUIVALENCE.

 In Fascicle 7 of our "little book": "Theory of relativity. - Critique of a despair analyzed in seven installments "we transcribe the thought experiment described in the book by A. Einstein, known as the" elevator thought experiment ". It is about justifying the

extension of the principle of relativity to bodies that accelerate with respect to others and gives rise to the Theory of General Relativity.

As a reminder we will give only a summary of the content of this experiment to remember and highlight the errors of logic, and principles of Physics, that you commit.

To see the purpose that the aforementioned physicist intended to demonstrate, we transcribe the final part that he quotes in this experiment:

"... So we have good reasons to extend the principle of relativity to reference bodies that accelerate with respect to others, thus a powerful argument has been made in favor of a generalized relativity postulate."

Thus ends the description of the thought experiment, in which we can see the purpose that he sought to demonstrate with his experiment

To offer our criticism to the reader, we synthesize the content of the "Experiment" detailing the following:

A box (elevator) is pulled upwards by a rope that transmits a uniformly accelerated speed to it.

Inside the box there is a person.

                                          Figure 2

                                     

This person in each hand carries two bodies, which contain a certain mass. If you release these masses, you will see that they "fall" on the elevator floor.

                                          Figure 3 

             

Figure 3 tries to represent the equivalence of effects of the two physical phenomena. One made on the ground and the other inside the elevator floating in outer space and pulled by a rope that accelerates it.

In the experiment it is said:

 "This makes him think that there is a force, similar to gravity, that pulls them towards the elevator floor."

First error:

It mistakes the performance of two different types of force as the same result. It equates the result of applying a Force of Contact, of Traction of the rope on the carcass or roof of the elevator and of the carcass on the feet of the person, with a Force of Attraction.

In the experiment it is cited that the man who goes inside the elevator

By noticing the pressure on his feet produced by the elevator casing, he will equate this pressure equivalent to the force of gravity.

A nonsense! The first mistake is to use a subjective concept forbidden to use it in a scientific demonstration. The experiment model is a utopia

Second mistake:

To unmask this false equality represented in Figure 3 we say: IT IS NOT THE MASS THAT «FALLS» IT IS THE SOIL THAT “RISES”

No ATTRACTION Force is generated, as is the one exerted by Gravity, and which makes the masses “fall”.

                                                    Figure 4

                    

The Figure represents three snapshots of the elevator in its "rise" pulled by the rope attached to the ceiling. The man is as if he were part of the carcass, since he is in contact with it, and is subject to pressure on his feet. It is the same TRACTION force exerted by the rope and transmitted by the carcass to its base. The elevator casing is the "container" The same does not happen with the Mass (content) that is inside the elevator and that is not part of its casing. This Mass reaches the floor of the elevator by displacement of the carcass.

Extending the nonsense of this experiment a little more, we can think that it is impossible for the laws of physical phenomena to be fulfilled, for example, of the: pendulum; parabolic shot; fluid dynamics ..., if we intend to make the equivalence between an attractive force and a contact force. We believe that with the previous explanation the invalidity of the Equivalence Principle, which claims to be one of the bases of General Relativity, is already clear.

In our little book: "Theory of relativity.- Criticism of a nonsense" we expand this topic a little more. We also speak of a fallacy of "logical relevance".

 

 

2.4.- THE FALLACY OF THE DEFORMATION OF SPACE

Since no explanation was found for the existence of the force of gravity, the idea that space is deformed was suggested. Thus, fitting this fallacy with the fallacy of time dilation, everything works out!

We consider this issue as the main axis of our criticism. Consequently, we will fully transcribe the fascicle that in our “little book” deals with this topic.

In this booklet we criticize the fallacy of the existence of attraction between two masses, due to the deformation of space. We will use a method of investigation and criticism developed by the author of these fascicles himself.

We believe that: faced with a lack of knowledge of the causes of the phenomenon, an explanation is given that goes against common sense. We have read that A. Einstein to try to explain the existence of the Force of Gravity, not finding an explanation came up with the idea, against all logic and common sense, that space curves.

The presence of the Earth warps the Space that makes another Mass approach and "fall" on it. Figure 1 is intended to signify this phenomenon

                                          Figure 1

                       

 AN EXPLANATION THAT DOES NOT SATISFY

We will try to give our opinion on the invalidity of the arguments that state that: the FORCE OF GRAVITY associated with a MASS is caused by the deformation of the space adjacent to it. To go from the real world to the world of fantasy, we only needed to support the fallacy of the "Time Dilation" in the fallacy of the "Deformation of Space"

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

Ignoring in principle the CAUSES that produce such an EFFECT, that is, the Force of Attraction (Fa), we will begin by making an analysis of these EFFECTS.

Using logical reasoning to be able to consider the idea of the "deformation of space" as a fallacy, we will analyze the VARIABLES that intervene in the physical phenomenon of the Forces of Attraction between Masses. For this we will use Newton's law:

                                       (Fa) = G x (M x m) / d2

Where (Fa) is the attractive force that exists between two masses (M) and (m) separated by a distance (d) and in which (G) is a constant value, called the Universal Constant of Gravitation.

(To be continued in a future installment)

 

THEORY OF RELATIVITY - DECEPTIVE APPROACHES

(Intellectual Property Registry: B-221-21)

FIRST DELIVERY

PRESENTATION

Recently we read in different writings of a scientific nature, topics that seem written only to praise the Theory of Relativity. With this essay we criticize this theory, trying with our arguments to restore common sense in the interpretation of relative movements.

 Some of these arguments the reader will be able to see them written in our “little book” entitled: “Theory of relativity. - Criticizes de a nonsense analyzed in seven installments ”. We define our treatise as a "little book" since it contains only slightly more than fifty pages, but we believe that it is not necessary to extend much when in a few words an absurdity can be highlighted.

 The first topic that we will address will be: "The (GPS) and mobile watches". The writings that speak of this subject put it as experimental evidence, pretending to defend the Theory of Special Relativity. They accept the fallacy of time dilation. In our "little book", in fascicle three, entitled: "Criticize the conclusions of the essays that have tried to prove the fallacy of time dilation", we have already included this topic. But what we now intend is to denounce all the wrong or false information aimed at accepting the fallacies of the aforementioned theory.

We will also criticize the use of the Theory of General Relativity. Recently, some popular science fascicles have appeared on “dark matter” and “black holes”, which admit the fallacy of the “deformation of space”.

This Theory, supported by the fallacy of the Equivalence Principle, leads us to admit that the force that a Mass (M) attracts another mass (m), is interpreted as a consequence of a deformation of the space between them. We will see that a fallacy that has its origin in another fallacy is admitted.

 (We will make THREE DELIVERIES of the aforementioned topics.)

STUDY DIVISION

For the reader's orientation, we give the following guideline for the development of the study:

1.-. The fallacy of Special Relativity. (GPS) and mobile watches

2.- The fallacy of General Relativity:

     2.1.- Transcription of some comments that appeared in fascicles

             of scientific popularization.

     2.2.- Genesis of nonsense. - Inertial mass and gravitational mass

    2.3.- Mental experiment of the "elevator". The fallacy of the Principle of

            Equivalence

   2.4.- the fallacy of the · deformation of space.

    

1.- THE FALLACY OF SPECIAL RELATIVITY.- A CONFUSION WHEN EXPLAINING (GPS) AND MOBILE WATCHES.

We deal with this issue, already exposed in our "little book", in the third fascicle entitled: "Criticize the conclusions of the essays that have tried to prove the fallacy of time dilation". The reason for inserting it in the present study is because we have repeatedly read some writings in which they claim to support the aforementioned theory, justifying it through the use of mobile clocks.

When explaining how to act (GPS) and the mobile clocks that they have incorporated, the writings that deal with the subject make the mistake of associating them with the Theory of Relativity as proposed by Einstein. In this way, they intend to validate the fallacy of time dilation.

We transcribe a part of one of the aforementioned writings:

“GPS receivers determine their position by triangulating from the time signals they receive from various satellites.

Correct synchronization of these clocks with the clocks on the earth's surface is essential for this correct positioning. These satellites have very precise atomic clocks, which in principle do not significantly slow or advance but relativity plays a trick on them.

Because of these effects predicted by Einstein's theory, it turns out that the satellites' clocks are ahead of those on the ground.

After launching the first satellite in 1977 and 20 orbits, the satellite's clock was observed to be 442.5 parts of 1012 faster than an identical one on the earth's surface that are 38,000 nanoseconds ahead. This is the advance that clocks in orbit suffer (or the delay that clocks suffer on the earth's surface) and it must be corrected in the satellites for a correct positioning "

(We write the following link in case the reader wants to expand what is said in that writing: http://www.relatividad.org/bhole/gps.htm)    

 Actually, it is a question of relative movements, but, from here to going to stop as time stretches, it is a logical aberration. We comment on this fallacy.

His misinterpretation comes from the statement we find in Einstein's book, entitled: "On the theory of special and general relativity." Speaking of a train car inside which a process is carried out, in this statement he says:

“The time that a process takes in relation to the wagon cannot be equaled to the duration of the same process judged from the reference body of the embankment"

In our "little book" entitled: "Theory of relativity.- Criticism of a nonsense", we baptized such an affirmation as the GENESIS OF DISPARATE. In it we set out more than three reasons to justify that this statement cannot be accepted as an axiom. To see this nonsense more clearly, we represent the train car, which appears in some treatises on the subject, and which we also give in the aforementioned "booklet", in the following figure:

In the thought experiment of the train car, which is traveling at a certain constant speed (v) and rectilinear. Inside there is a phenomenon of reflection of a ray of light in the mirror (back and forth) that is glued to the ceiling. This phenomenon has an Own Time (tp), and this is unique. It is inherent in this process. The one observed from outside the wagon does not justify that this (tp) changes in value.

In the relative movement of an object or body, with respect to a fixed observer, the transformation of the Proper Time (tp) of the object or process is not observed, but the value of the vision of the path of the body or process is observed.

                                  
In the thought experiment of the train car, which is traveling at a certain constant speed (v) and rectilinear. Inside there is a phenomenon of reflection of a ray of light in the mirror (back and forth) that is glued to the ceiling. This phenomenon has an Own Time (tp), and this is unique. It is inherent in this process. The one observed from outside the wagon does not justify that this (tp) changes in value.

In the relative movement of an object or body, with respect to a fixed observer, the transformation of the Proper Time (tp) of the object or process is not observed, but the value of the vision of the path of the body or process is observed.

                                            Figure 2

                       

This figure represents the observer who is fixed on the ground, and who receives information about the amplitude of the phenomenon, through the arrival of electromagnetic waves. The perception and measurement by this observer, of the referred phenomenon, will be distorted by including in them the movement of the wagon.

Another theme is represented on the left side of the figure. It really means the (tp) of the process. It is the one observed by the person who goes inside the car and throws the beam. It is as if the wagon is stopped..

We can equate the ticking of a pendulum clock to the process of the reflection of the ray of light, and assimilate it to the passage of time. The process monopolizes the different positions through which it runs until it reaches the same starting point.

                                                   Figura 3

                       

There would be a difference between what the clock of the person who is fixed on the ground would mark and the pendulum mobile clock. Your Own Time (tp).

(NOTE: We have simplified taking into account the variables that may intervene in the phenomenon, in order to make it as intuitive as possible. Thus, we have associated it with the train car. But, in reality, if we place the pendulum clock in space sidereal, this example would be of little use to us if we did not intervene, somewhere, a gravitational force that allows the law of the pendulum to be fulfilled) In the absence of gravity we can think of mechanical or atomic clocks

                                                  Figure 4

                     

In the Figure we have kept the idea of ​​the train car, with the wheels on the ground, although in reality we must place the experiment in outer space.

Small time lags will be observed due to information time. That is, the time it takes for the electromagnetic waves to arrive and that depends on the amplitude of the Displacement Time (td) of the mobile clock. We can say: NOTHING OF DILATION OF TIME. Yes to RERLATIVE MOVEMENTS. NO TO THEOERIES OF RELATIVITY.

 

2.- THE FALLACY OF GENERAL RELATIVITY

Before going into developing the topics of: the fallacy of the Equivalence Principle and the fallacy of the "deformation of space", we transcribe some manifestations that appear in some fascicles that speak of "dark matter" and "black holes" and that In the absence of finding a rational statement, they rely on the Theory of General Relativity. We will take advantage of this transcript to make a critique of its concepts. In this review, for the text that we will transcribe of the aforementioned statements, we will write them using italics, enclosing the text in quotation marks.

 

2.1.- TRANSCRIPTION OF THE TEXT OF SOME FASCICLES OF SCIENTIFIC DISCLOSURE

We initiate the aforementioned transcript and our comments.

IT SAYS IN THE MENTIONED COLLECTION:

“The principle of special relativity establishes that the speed of light is constant in any reference frame, that is, it does not depend on the speed of the observer. This has radical consequences. Space and time must be treated together, so that we will no longer speak of space and time, but of a single entity known as space-time. "

OUR COMMENT:

We believe that the use of the space-time entity is not required precisely by the constancy of the speed of light. It is obvious that when we observe the RELATIVE physical phenomena, which occur in outer space, and that we translate them as EVENTS or EVENTS, we must determine the situation in which they occur, the space implies, and the time in which it occurs. That is, we define not only the POSITION but also what we will define as the SITUATION. This concept encompasses both entities.

 (See the essay by the same author of this study, entitled: "Theory of relativity. - Mathematical interpretation of the Lorentz Factor")

IT SAYS IN THE MENTIONED COLLECTION:

“In addition, both the time elapsed between two events and the length of an object in the direction of the observer, they depend on the speed of the observer. Thus, a clock moving at a speed close to that of light with respect to a reference frame that we consider at rest will be delayed with respect to it, that is, the Time measured by the moving clock would progressively slow down with with respect to the system at rest. These effects of time dilation and length contraction are only important at speeds close to that of light. In other words, they have no significant effects on our ordinary life. "

OUR COMMENT:

We have already talked about this topic before. Also in our “little book” we talk about the fallacy of the deformation of the mass.

 

IT SAYS IN THE MENTIONED COLLECTION:

“If special relativity disrupted the idea of ​​absolute time, general relativity for its part changed our notions about gravitation. In classical Newtonian physics, gravitation consisted of the attraction between bodies that have mass according to the law of universal gravitation. In relativistic physics, gravitation is the effect of the deformation or curvature of space-time produced by the mass of objects, a black hole, for example, curves space-time. "

OUR COMMENT:

In our essay we will dedicate a booklet to criticize the fallacy of the “deformation of space”. It seems important to us to unlink black holes with the intervention of this fallacy.

 

IT SAYS IN THE MENTIONED COLLECTION:

 "General Relativity is a theory that describes the way in which the same phenomenon is viewed by different observers, regardless of their position, speed or acceleration"

OUR COMMENT:

See the fallacies of "time dilation" (Special Theory) and that of the "Equivalence Principle" (General Theory) discussed in our "little book", in the first issue: "LA GENESIS DEL DISPARATE". You can also find this topic, among others edited, in our blog, entering in Google: teoriadelarelatividad.com

IT SAYS IN THE MENTIONED COLLECTION:

“… In this sense it is an extension of Special Relativity, formulated by Einstein in 1905 and which referred only to observers with constant speed. The notions of space and time are not as our intuition seems to tell us, that is, inert and immutable magnitudes, space-time, as a whole can be stretched, shrunk, bent and twisted.”

 

OUR COMMENT:

We will see that the "thought experiment" that Einstein claims to rely on to justify the Equivalence Principle and with it to validate the Theory of General Relativity is a fallacy.

 

IT SAYS IN THE MENTIONED COLLECTION:

 “… But, in addition, general relativity is a theory of gravitation. The important point is that, according to her, is that space is curved due to the presence of mass and energy. The important point is that, according to her, spacetime curves due to the presence of mass and energy. According to general relativity in the vicinity of a large mass, spacetime curves. An object left to itself, when approaching this great mass, enters a zone of curved space-time and its trajectory is altered, accelerating "

                                         

OUR COMMENT:

The ignorance of the cause of the existence of the force of gravity should not be replaced by the absurdity that space is deformed.

Later, we will transcribe a fascicle of the "little book": "Theory of relativity.- Criticism of a nonsense" to denounce this fallacy.

IT SAYS IN THE MENTIONED COLLECTION:

 “Since stars describe orbits of gigantic radius the relativistic effects are absolutely negligible. For them the predictions of Newton and Einstein are totally equivalent.

Well, maybe Einstein's predictions are not perfect either, and at these giant distances the real gravitational force is different from that distanced by his equations, causing an effect that seems to be produced by dark matter; just as the anomalies of Mercury's orbit seemed the effect of a mysterious, and ultimately nonexistent, planet Vulcan”

OUR COMMENT:

For the first time, our editor seems to be beginning to doubt the validity of the aforementioned theory and agrees with Newton.

In our opinion, he is getting closer to the phenomenon of the force of gravity by using the concept of dark matter than by using the fallacy of the deformation of space. (In the issue that we will expose on this topic, we will see that when we published it we already pointed out such a possibility)

 

IT IS SAID IN THE MENTIONED COLLECTION:

 “… Let's remember, the presence of matter and energy determines the way in which space-time bends. It is certainly a very difficult concept to imagine, but perfectly possible to formulate mathematically.

OUR COMMENT:

Being able to mathematically formulate an absurdity does not validate it as true.

IT SAYS IN THE MENTIONED COLLECTION:

 "And what do the equations of relativity say about the dynamics of the universe? Einstein himself verified that these did not admit a solution in which the universe was static. The equations indicated that the universe must necessarily go through a phase of expansión

OUR COMMENT:

Here they try to sneak in the fallacy of the deformation of space. We believe that it is the objects (stars, galaxies ...) that are separating. It is not that the space between them is dilated.

 

IT SAYS IN THE MENTIONED COLLECTION:

 “Other scientists predicted in the last century, the phenomenon of the expansion of the universe and even came to the concept of Big Bang, the moment of the great explosion that gave rise to the subsequent expansion. It is overwhelming to think that such formidable results can be reached on nothing less than the origin of the universe, reasoning on some mathematical equations that fit on a line "

OUR COMMENT:

As a curiosity, you can read our research work published on our blog and also in the scientific journal: "International Journal of Fundamental Phisycs Sciences", entitled: "The expression E = mc ^ 2 shows that in ancient times there was a great explosion." The reader will observe that the aid of the Theory of Relativity is not cited at all,

 

IT SAYS IN THE MENTIONED COLLECTION:

 “Let us remember that the theory of general relativity predicts that the universe must necessarily go through a phase of expansion. As actually observed in reality. Let's delve a bit into the characteristics of this expansion. What you have to imagine is that it is space itself that is stretched equally in all directions, so that the galaxies "inserted" in it progressively separate. It is what is called a homogeneous and isotropic expansion "

OUR COMMENT:

Once again they try to validate nonsense.

 

IT SAYS IN THE MENTIONED COLLECTION:

 "Naturally, if the universe is accelerating its expansion," something is wrong "in the initial theoretical reasoning, based on the equations of general relativity, which predicted that the expansion should slow down. Are Einstein's equations wrong? "

OUR COMMENT:

It seems that, in the end, our commentator begins to doubt the fallacies of the dilation of time and the deformation of space.

 

(WILL CONTINUE IN A NEXT DELIVERY)

THE EXPRESSION E=mc2 MANIFESTS THAT IN REMOTE TIMES THERE WERE SEVERAL EXPLOSIONS THAT EXPELLED THE ATOMS OUTSIDE A COMMON ENVIRONMENT

 Intellectual Property Registry: B-1221.21

 

SECOND DELIVERY

(NOTE: This topic is an adaptation of the study carried out by this same author and published in the scientific journal: “International of Fundamental Physical Science (IJFPS))

For the reader's guide, we include an index of the topics that we will discuss:

 1.- Rebooting the history of an atom

       1.1.- Meeting of physical contents - Theory of

                Meeting

      1.2.- Manifestations of physical magnitudes.

2.- Looking for the symptoms of the explosion

      2.1.- The atom has incorporated the content of

               a force

3.- Manifestation through the expression: E = mc^2

      of the energy contained in the atom

We go on to explain these issues below.

1.- RESTARTING THE HISTORY OF AN ATOM

As a continuation of our first installment, we begin our essay considering the idea of ​​the movement that atoms have, in infinite directions, within the matter that contains them.

We apply our reasoning on the body of an atom that, to understand us, we will call its mass (m). and we anticipate in this brief summary, which later we will justify with physical approaches.

We start from the fact that we know that the expression E = mc^2  contains two physical quantities whose joint action in a certain process can generate a large amount of energy.

From this fact we will go back in time to try to find the way from where this source of energy began.

In this return to the past and restarting the story of what happened, we make the hypothesis that an expansion FORCE (F) intervened, perhaps due to an explosion, which in ancient times acted in all directions and on all atoms, among them the atom that we choose as a prototype in our essay.

 That Force (F) injected a potential into the atom to be able to carry out work. To identify this work (T), we will use the corresponding physical quantities that define it:

                                                   T = F × e

In which (F) is the force that will have acted on the mass (m) and (e) the space traveled by applying the referred force.

Our analysis will consist of translating the how expression:

 E = mc^2 manifests the formula of WORK (T) that we have exposed.

We will see that E = mc^2 is the expression that expresses the origin and history of the atom.

But first we will present a theoretical approach that allows us to interpret our reasoning.

  1.1.- MEETING OF PHYSICAL CONTENTS - THEORY OF THE MEETING

In the development of this study we present our theory, which we have called "Theory of the Meeting", as follows:

The expression E = mc^2 should NOT be viewed as a Mathematical Formula but as a PHYSICAL EXPRESSION that encompasses different concepts. For this reason we will never use the wrong words of "Formula" or "Equation" but we will use the word "EXPRESSION". With this we want to avoid the doubt that if when writing: 

E = mc^2 we are interpreting it a product of two variables, that is: E = mc^2  . To avoid such an interpretation we consider that (E) is JOINED to the physical magnitudes: mass (m) and speed of light (c). Consequently, in symbolic form, we will write it as:

              E = Umc^2                     

We will define it as: the Expression of Energy equal to the REUNION of mass and speed of light. To confirm our claim, we will inspect an atom that contains this mass and identify it as the mass (m) we are testing.

 

1.2.- MANIFESTATIONS OF THE PHYSICAL QUANTITIES.

To get to identify what the expression shows us:

E = ∪mc ^ 2 and continuing with the Reunion Theory, we say the following:

We now deal with the issue of the information that a physical Expression gives us, due to the relationships between the physical quantities that make it up.

We will accept that physical magnitudes, such as force, acceleration ... we can detect their existence through MANIFESTATIONS that can be observed in the experimental field. Thus, for example, the acceleration (a) that a mass (m) acquires, will reveal the existence of a FORCE that causes it. Another aspect will be the assessment of its intensity, in which case we will apply the FORMULA:

F = m × a But, according to what we said, now we will focus on considering the MANIFESTATIONS of the expressions of physical quantities and we will avoid considering them as mathematical formulas that allow us to value them.

The approach of considering only the aforementioned MANIFESTATIONS allows us to encompass and connect within the same physical phenomenon different PHYSICAL MAGNITUDES. This will allow us to interpret the meaning of the "Expression": 

E = mc^2 It allows us to go back from current data to the origins that produced them.

 

2.- LOOKING FOR THE SYMPTOMS OF THE EXPLOSION

We said that in our study we started from the existence of an atom, which already existed in ancient times and we propose to relate the behavior of this atom in the present time, with what manifests the expression:

 E = mc^2

We will justify that the expression: E = Umc^2

(meeting of the Energy with the mass and the speed of light)

It states that the atom (corresponding to this mass) has the content of a force incorporated and this will lead us to have to admit that there was a cause that caused the appearance of this force.

We hypothesize that this cause was an explosion that drove the atoms out of a common center.

 

2.1.- THE ATOM HAS INCORPORATED THE CONTENT OF A FORCE

To justify that the aforementioned expression states that the atom has the content of a force incorporated, we proceed as follows:

We will use the Reunion Theory and write: E = ∪mc∪c With this expression we want to indicate that: Energy is

unites with the union of two events. On the one hand, there is the Meeting of the mass (m) with the speed of light. On the other hand, to this Meeting another is added, expressed as the speed (c) of light.

In this chapter we will dedicate ourselves to finding out the meaning of the expression 

E = Umc^2    that, as we will see, leads us to reveal the existence of a force.

In the previous issue we have exposed the way in which the ACTIONS carried out by the PHYSICAL MAGNITUDES are MANIFIED. With the hypothesis that there was a great explosion, the first Physical Magnitude that we will consider is FORCE. It is the first-born force that acted on the atom at the origin of its existence. This Physical Magnitude that we are considering, by acting CONTINUOUSLY on the particle, we know that it is MANIFESTED by the ACTION of printing an acceleration (a) on it. So we can "express" this ACTION as the following MEETING:

                                      F=Uma    

And, the acceleration (a) is “expressed” as: a = ∪ ∂v / ∂t being (v) the speed that the atom was acquiring due to the thrust of the force (F) and (t) the time used. On the other hand,

We know that using mathemat   terms we can consider the variation of that speed (v) due to the referred force, by means of the formula:

                                               

where (v) is the final speed to be reached when the time (t) elapses between the points: initial (i) and final (f). But ... we must bear in mind that the end point (f) is located in the place where (v) reaches the speed of light (c), since this is the limit value of speeds. Therefore, the acceleration between the initial point (i) and the final point (f), that is, the increase in speed between (0) and (c) will be worth:

                                        ∆v between (0) and (c) = (c)

Therefore, the referred first-born FORCE (F) that acted on the particle must be “expressed” as:

                                             F=Umc

Reasoning a path inverse of the one we have used, we can say that the aforementioned expression tells us the story that there was a FIRST FORCE due to that explosion, which expelled and pushed the atom we are analyzing.

 

3.- MANIFESTATION THROUGH THE EXPRESSION: E=mc^2

OF THE ENERGY CONTAINED IN THE ATOM

We must investigate the how through the expression: E=mc^2. the energy that the atom contains is manifested,

Obtained the “expression” of the FORCE (F) that intervened, we must find out how the expression E=Umc^2 shows the capacity that the analyzed atom can carry out a WORK (T). That is, as the aforementioned expression shows that the atom is in possession of supplying a Potential Energy (E). This is another conclusion to reach from the aforementioned expression.

We justify the possession of this energy because the atom in the instant in which its journey lasted was acquiring a Kinetic Energy that, by not consuming it, was accumulated as Potential energy (Ep). And this potential energy can be expressed as having "trapped" the ability to perform a Work (T)

 (NOTE: Remember the idea of ​​the movement of the atoms contained in matter)

We will propose the equivalence between this energy (Ep) and its ability to do work (T). That is to say:

                                                    (Ep) ~ (T)

Applying the topic that we exposed on: "The manifestation of the Physical Magnitudes" we will assimilate the content in Potential energy with the quality of carrying out a Work.

Applying physical concepts, to identify the Work (T) we will use the following MEETING of physical quantities:

                                               T=UFe

That is to say, the Work (T) that the aforementioned expression shows that the atom is capable of contributing, the stored atom has it and has it registered as the Reunions, the first-born force (F) of which we have spoken and (e) the space that ran through the crowd at the time the events occurred.

Recall that at the physical level that we move, we measure distances in Light Speed ​​Units (uvl) so that the aforementioned particle, pushed by force (F), came to move at the speed of light (c). And with this pattern, we measure the tours (e).

(NOTE: In our Blog you can consult the topic “Mathematical interpretation of the Lorentz Factor, where it talks about measuring distances in speed of light (uvl)

 

We value the space (e) in units of speed of light (uvl)

If (v) increases until it reaches speed (c) this is equivalent to having reached one unit (c)

So that

                                   (e) = (c)

and therefore, we can write:

                                   T=UFc

In order to show that the "expression" E=Umc^2 in its content contains the idea of ​​a POTENTIAL ENERGY, we propose the following reasoning:

As we have indicated: T∪Fc and as we have obtained: F = ∪mc

Is obtained:

                                   E ~ T = ∪ (mc) ∪c =  T U mc^2

what is the "expression" we were investigating

We can observe that the (E) is expressed as the Meeting of an Amount of Motion carried by the mass and the space (e) that has moved, which, when measured in units of light speed (uvl), is expressed with (c).

In summary, the expression: E=mc^2 placed in the "test tube", and treated as the "expression" of a grouping of physical variables, informs us of what happened to the atom in ancient times and what is able to perform

We leave their analysis and criticism for consideration for experts in Astrophysics and Atomic Physics.